Analysis: Risks from attacks on Iran's nuclear facilities

According to Dr. Theodoros Christoudias, Associate Professor at the Climate and Atmosphere Research Center of the Cyprus Institute, attacks on Iran's nuclear facilities by Israel and the US pose limited risks of atmospheric pollution. Dr. Christoudias told CNA that no impact on human health or the environment is expected outside the targeted locations.

Attacks on facilities in the early stages of the nuclear fuel cycle primarily involve chemical risks. In enrichment facilities, uranium hexafluoride (UF6) is the main concern, as its interaction with water vapor produces harmful chemicals.

The Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been informed by Iranian regulatory authorities that there has been no increase in radiation levels outside the facilities, even after recent attacks on three Iranian nuclear facilities, including the uranium enrichment plant in Fordow.

In the event of targeting the Bushehr nuclear power plant, there would be serious concern about the release of radioactive elements into the atmosphere or sea, with immediate consequences for the Gulf states and potential contamination of Gulf waters. Dr. Christoudias noted that the Climate and Atmosphere Research Center of the Cyprus Institute assesses the risks of contamination from accidents at nuclear power plants.

The IAEA reported damage to facilities in Natanz, Isfahan, and Fordow. According to information verified before the attacks of June 13, the three sites contained uranium enriched to different levels, which may cause radioactive and chemical contamination. The dispersion of the material depends on meteorological conditions.

The IAEA plays a critical role in nuclear disaster preparedness and response and is ready to respond to any nuclear or radiological emergency.